Human Phys Lab – respiratory
Physiology
1)
External
vs. Internal respiration
a) Definitions and
events involved in each
2)
Ventilation
a)
Definition
and normal values for
i)
Pulmonary
Ventilation, Minute ventilation, Ventilation, Volume Expired, VE
ii)
TV
iii)
RR
b)
Dead
Space – definition and normal values
i)
Anatomical
ii)
Physiological
iii)
Normal
values
c)
Alveolar
ventilation, VA
d)
Comparisson of VE and
VA
3)
Obstructive Pulmonary diseases
a)
Flow rates
b)
Examples of
4)
Restrictive pulmonary diseases
a)
Volumes and capacities
b)
Examples of
5)
Volumes, Capacities, and Spirometry
a)
Four major volumes –TV, IRV, ERV, RV
b)
Four major capacities -
IC, FRC, VC***, and TLC
c)
SVC and FVC
d)
FEV1.0
e)
FEV1.0/FVC ratio
f)
MVV
g)
Spirometry
i)
What each volume and capacity looks like on a spirometer
ii)
Methods / procedures
iii)
BTPS correction factor
(1)
Why it is used?
(2)
How is it calculated?
(3)
What does it mean?
iv)
What results from spirometry suggest:
(1)
Restrictive pulmonary diseases
(2)
Obstructive pulmonary diseases
6) Control of
Respiration (see text pages 479-478 for some good and interesting reading)
a)
Medullary
centers – Dorsal and Ventral Respiratory Groups (DRG and VRG) – major control
b)
Pons
(Pontine centers) – Pneumotaxic & apneustic centers – “fine tuning”
c)
DRG – inspiration –
primary control at rest
d)
DRG
-> phrenic nerve -> diaphragm
e)
VRG –
inspiration/expiration – when need extra VE
7)
Where do the
respiratory centers receive info from
a)
Receptors
i) Chemoreceptors
and role of respiration in whole-body acid base balance
(1) ***Central
chemoreceptors
(a)
Significance
of the blood brain barrier to respiratory regulation
(b)
Bicarbonate
buffer system
(2) Peripherl
chemoreceptors
(a) Bicarbonate buffer
system
ii)
Muscle spindles
(1)
“feedforward control”
iii)
Chemoreceptors in skeletal muscle
iv)
Nocireceptors
v)
Stretch receptors in the lungs
b)
Motor Cortex
i)
Voluntary control of respiration
8)
Role of CO2, H+, and O2 in the regulation of respiration