The following are practice questions, with a few old exam questions mixed in.  Studying only the material found on this page will not prepare you well for the exam.  However, from time to time I may use one of these questions on an exam (just for fun).  I am providing you with these questions to familiarize you with the types of questions that I give on exams.  An additional purpose of this page is to give you some practice with the calculations covered in lab.  NOTE: Not all answers are given in answer section.

 

Questions

  1. Calculate the Power output and the Work accomplished (in both J and Kcal) for the following:

 

    1. A 125 # female works out on a treadmill at 4mph and an 8% grade for 30 minutes.

 

 

 

 

 

    1. A well-trained 155# male cyclist works out on a monark cycle ergometer at 90 RPM with 3 kg of resistance for 10 minutes.

 

 

 

 

    1. A 140# female with nothing better to do steps up and down on a bench that is .33m high at a rate of 25 steps per minute for 5 minutes.

 

 

 

 

    1. A 125 # female exercises on a treadmill at 4mph with a 1% grade for 30 minutes.

 

 

 

    1. i) What is a reasonable combination of mph and percent grade if your subject would like to exercise at 150 Watts on a treadmill.  Your subject, a biology major, is a 160 pound, well trained, highly competitive, male distance runner. ii) If he performs this exercise for 30 minutes, how much work has he accomplished?

 

 

 

 

2.      Are all of the Power and work values above reasonable values?  Why or why not?

 

  1. You are working at a fitness facility, and you need to prescribe an exercise regimen for one of your patrons.  Your patron says that he likes cycling.  When determining the exercise intensity that he should work out at, how many RPM’s would you recommend that he maintain? (Remember it is your job to make sure that your patrons feel comfortable as possible during their exercise sessions) ___________________

 

  1. Regarding muscle fiber types I, IIA, and IIB, which has the greatest (largest/longest)

a.      twitch time   ___________________

b.      SDH activity        ___________________

 

  1. Calculate the power produced during bicep curl.  The weight lifted is 25 lbs, it was moved a distance of .3 meters in .22 seconds.  You must show work and include units to receive full credit

 

  1. Use the following terms to discuss how EMG activity represents the process of motor unit recruitment.  Also what type(s) of summation is/are used when we need to increase force production: Wave summation, Multiple motor unit summation, Amplitude, frequency

 

  1. During an isokinetic fatigue test EMG activity would be expected to continually increases / continually decreases / stays the same.

 

  1. Our ability to produce force is greatest during a(n) concentric / eccentric / Isometric action.

 

  1. Name two possible (and likely) reasons why EMG is not constant throughout the range of motion during a single, concentric, dumbbell curl. Which of these two reasons is probably more important

 

  1. Calculate the power produced during a bicep curl performed with a 25 # weight.  It was moved a distance of .3 meters in .22 seconds.  Show units and calculations to receive full credit.

 

  1. During ______________________________ summation the motor units are being fired more often produce more force.  This type of summation can sometimes be seen on an EMG as (circle one - 2pts):

 

a. an increase in Amplitude of EMG waves

b. an increase in frequency of EMG waves

c.      a decrease in Amplitude of EMG waves

d.      decrease in frequency of EMG waves

 

  1. What is a sticking point? How can we observe this phenomenon during a single concentric dumbbell curl?  How can we observe this phenomenon during an isokinetic knee extension?

 

  1. One way that we tested muscular endurance in lab was by timing how long our subject could maintain 60% of their maximal isometric handgrip strength.  During this test we recorded EMG activity.  For most individuals this level of sustained contraction can only be maintained for about 1-3 minutes.  Draw in, on the axis below, what you would expect to happen to EMG activity over the course of this test if the source of fatigue was in the peripheral nervous system.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. Our subject, Monica, just performed a jump without a counter-movement, and EMG activity was measured, and she was able to jump 10 inches.  Afterward we had her try jumping again, but this time she was allowed a counter-movement (allowed to lower herself down before jumping up).  This time she had an even greater EMG activity, and she was able to jump 13 inches.  Briefly (2-3 sentences tops).What is/are possible reason(s) why she was able to jump three inches higher?

 

  1. In one of our PNF procedures, we used a hold  - relax procedure, where we had our subject contract their ___________________ muscle group submaximally and then maximally.  The voluntary recruitment of this muscle group inhibited the hamstrings via (the) Inverse Stretch Reflex / withdrawal reflex / cross-innervation / Myotatic reflex / reciprocal inhibition, thus allowing the “therapist” to push the leg farther back, increasing the legs range of motion (flexibility).

 

  1. The sensory somatic cortex / premotor cortex / cerebellum/ basal ganglia / thalamus / primary motor cortex / is responsible for the comparison of motor output and sensory input.

 

  1. the efferent neuron associated with the intrafusal muscle fibers is called a(n) ______________________________________________.

 

  1. Explain the role of the following as they relate to motor control:

 

    1. Size principle
    2. Cerebellum
    3. Sensory cortex
    4. Pyramidal tracts
    5. Dorsal Lemniscal system
    6. Thalamus

 

  1. If a 175 pound male works out on a treadmill for 30 minutes.  Which of the following is a realistic (not too high or too low) amount of power for this 30 minute workout?  Circle one
    1. 10 Kcals
    2. 75 Watts

c.       10,000 Joules

    1. 150 Watts
    2. 90 Kcals
    3. 1,200 Watts
    4. 270,000 Joules
    5. 1,000,000 Joules
    6. a & b
    7. a, b, c, & d
    8. a, b, & d
    9. b & d
    10. four of the above are appropriate power outputs for this 30 min exercise
    11. None of the above

True or False questions about power output

  1.   T  /  F   A healthy college age male performing a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer could be expected to have a maximal power output of around 300 Watts
  2.   T  /  F   A healthy college age female performing a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer could be expected to have a maximal power output of around 300 Watts
  3.   T  /  F   An elite male cyclist may be able to maintain a power output of around 400 watts for at least an hour
  4.   T  /  F   During a Wingate test, some large, well trained subjects may be able to reach a power output of over 1000 Watts, although they can only maintain it for a few seconds at most.

 

  1. Your subject, Rachel Green, has just performed the Thorstenson test on an isokinetic dynamometer performing knee extension/flexion exercises.  She performed 2000 ft-lbs of total work: 500 ft-lbs of work during the last of her muscle actions, 700ft-lbs of work during the second third of her muscle actions, and 800 ft-lbs of work during the first third of her muscle actions. i) What is her fatigue index? ii) If we compared her with another subject, Monica Geller Bing, whose legs had a higher percentage of fast twitch fibers, would you expect Rachel or Monica to have a higher fatigue index? (no more than 2-3 sentences please)

 

 

 

 

25. Calculate the power produced during the following bench press.  The bar moved through a set of electronic eyes that were .4 meters apart (similar to the setup we used with biceps curls in lab 4).  The weight lifted was 135 pounds, and the amount of time it took to move between the two electronic eyes was .45 seconds. 

 

26. List five properties of muscle fibers that are major determinants of Muscular endurance

a.      .

b.      .

c.      .

d.      .

e.      .

 

  1. In outline form, list four major physiological factors, other than the one already listed, that influence force production, and if possible indicate what other variables influence each of these.  One set has already been filled in for you

 

            I. Size of the muscle

                                    A.. # of motor units

                                    B. Size of motor units

                                                i.  # of fibers/MU

                                                ii. Size of fibers

 

            II.

 

 

 

 

            III.

 

 

 

 

            IV.

 

 

 

 

            V.

 

 

  1. What are the general roles of the following in motor control

 

            a) pre-motor cortex

 

 

            b) cerebellum

 

 

Modified True/false: If the statement is true, do not write anything on the line to the left of the statement.  If the statement is false write in the word(s) that  make the statement true on the space provided for you.

29.            ______________________ The red or white appearance of individual muscle fibers is primarily related to differences in the amount of myoglobin present in the different fiber types.

  1. ______________________ If your subject was lifting weights repeatedly and the subject was experiencing peripheral fatigue, you would expect their iEMG integrals to be decreasing.
  2. ______________________ Because endurance performance and the percent slow twitch fibers are related we would expect to have a correlation coefficient of (r value) close to negative 1.

 

 

32. Draw the Force-velocity curve for an average individual during both eccentric and concentric actions on the axis below.

Text Box: Eccentric
Text Box: Concentric
Text Box: Power
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Text Box: Velocity            90°/s                       0°/s                                                300°/s

 

 

1.      In 2-4 sentences, using iEMG integrals, how can you tell when you are isolating a muscle group best and when you are activating a muscle group best?

 

 

 

2.      Draw the reflex arc, labeling in both specific and general terms, expaining how the hamstrings are inhibited via reciprocal inhibition, you must linclude the synapses involved

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.      Write, in list or outline form, the procedures for determining a subject’s 1RM (one repetition maximum).  Remember, the first step is the most important.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4.      a) Explain in detail four mechanisms by which the production of lactic acid may cause fatigue.  Be as specific as possible!

 

 

 

 

 

 

5.      There are several pros and cons of using an isokinetic test versus using a dynamic test for strength.  List six pros and/or cons of using an isokinetic test of strength instead of a dynamic test of strength. You must write pro or con next to each.